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Kerangka jaringan saraf baru CATS Net memungkinkan kecerdasan buatan membentuk konsep dari data sensorik mentah seperti penglihatan dan pendengaran, menyimulasikan aspek fundamental dari kognisi manusia.

Beijing, China (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – Para ilmuwan China mengembangkan jaringan saraf baru yang memungkinkan kecerdasan buatan (artificial intelligence/AI) membentuk konsep dari data sensorik mentah seperti penglihatan dan pendengaran, menyimulasikan aspek fundamental dari kognisi manusia, menurut penelitian yang diterbitkan di jurnal Nature Computational Science belum lama ini.

Salah satu kemampuan luar biasa dari otak manusia adalah membentuk representasi konseptual yang lebih abstrak dari pengalaman sensorimotor dan menerapkannya secara fleksibel tanpa bergantung pada input sensorik langsung.

Namun, mekanisme komputasional yang mendasari kemampuan ini sebelumnya masih kurang dipahami. Hal ini berarti model-model bahasa besar pada dasarnya terbatas oleh ketergantungannya pada data linguistik yang sudah ada, sehingga tidak mampu secara spontan menghasilkan konsep baru dari pembelajaran berbasis pengalaman.

Para peneliti dari Institut Automasi di bawah naungan Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan China (Chinese Academy of Sciences/CAS) dan Universitas Peking mengusulkan kerangka kerja jaringan saraf baru mereka, yang diberi nama CATS Net, sebagai cara untuk mengatasi keterbatasan ini.

Kerangka kerja ini terdiri dari modul abstraksi konsep dan modul penyelesaian tugas yang dapat secara tepat menginstruksikan kerangka kerja untuk melakukan tugas-tugas seperti pengenalan dan penilaian saat memproses informasi visual, seperti gambar.

Kerangka kerja ini juga dapat secara mandiri menghasilkan beragam konsep baru, membangun ‘ruang konsep’ uniknya sendiri. Setelah ruang konsep dari berbagai sistem AI diselaraskan, mereka dapat langsung mengirimkan pengetahuan menggunakan konsep-konsep tersebut, tanpa perlu melatih ulang dengan data mentah. Proses ini menyimulasikan bagaimana manusia berkomunikasi menggunakan bahasa.

Melalui studi pencitraan otak, para peneliti mengungkapkan bahwa ruang konseptual yang dibangun oleh CATS Net sangat selaras dengan logika kognitif dan linguistik manusia, dan mode operasionalnya sangat mirip dengan aktivitas di area pemrosesan konsep otak manusia.

Hal ini menunjukkan model tersebut melakukan lebih dari sekadar meniru fungsi otak, sekaligus memberikan wawasan tentang mekanisme komputasional yang digunakan manusia untuk membentuk dan menggunakan konsep di dalam otak.

Laporan: Redaksi

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