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Transisi ke mobilitas listrik memaksa produsen mobil untuk berinvestasi besar-besaran dalam sistem produksi baru, mengembangkan platform listrik, baterai, dan teknologi digital.

London, Inggris (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – Gelombang pemutusan hubungan kerja (PHK) yang diumumkan para produsen mobil besar Eropa menyoroti tekanan yang semakin meningkat pada industri otomotif di kawasan tersebut. Melemahnya permintaan eksternal, persaingan global yang semakin ketat, serta mahalnya transisi ke kendaraan listrik (electric vehicle/EV) memaksa produsen melakukan restrukturisasi.

Contoh terbaru dan paling mencolok datang dari produsen mobil Jerman, Volkswagen, yang menyatakan dalam laporan tahunannya bahwa sekitar 50.000 pekerjaan di Jerman diperkirakan akan dipangkas hingga 2030 sebagai bagian dari rencana restrukturisasi besar-besaran.

\"Skalanya benar-benar sangat besar,\" ujar David Bailey, seorang pakar industri otomotif di Universitas Birmingham, dalam sebuah wawancara dengan Xinhua pada Selasa (10/3), menggambarkan langkah yang diambil Volkswagen sebagai bukti dari \"badai sempurna\" yang dihadapi para produsen mobil Eropa.

Dia menambahkan keputusan tersebut mencerminkan seriusnya tantangan yang dihadapi industri otomotif di seluruh benua itu.

Di Inggris, produsen mobil mewah Aston Martin pada awal tahun ini mengumumkan pihaknya berencana memangkas hingga 20 persen tenaga kerjanya setelah mengalami kerugian finansial yang berkelanjutan. Sementara itu, Jaguar Land Rover juga mengumumkan rencana untuk mengurangi ratusan posisi manajemen di Inggris melalui sebuah skema pengunduran diri sukarela.

Para produsen Eropa menghadapi berbagai tekanan. Permintaan di beberapa pasar luar negeri melemah, sehingga memperlambat pertumbuhan ekspor bagi perusahaan-perusahaan yang selama ini bergantung pada penjualan global.

Pada saat yang sama, persaingan di sektor EV meningkat pesat seiring dengan masuknya pemain baru yang semakin dominan. Produsen China, khususnya, menjadi semakin kompetitif dalam produksi dan teknologi EV, memberikan tekanan pada merek-merek Eropa baik di pasar internasional maupun di kawasan Eropa.

Ketegangan perdagangan menambah lapisan ketidakpastian lainnya, dengan tarif Amerika Serikat (AS) mempersulit ekspor bagi para produsen Eropa yang menjual produknya ke AS.

Sementara itu, transisi ke mobilitas listrik memaksa produsen mobil untuk berinvestasi besar-besaran dalam sistem produksi baru, mengembangkan platform listrik, baterai, dan teknologi digital. Namun, peralihan ke EV juga mengubah cara kendaraan diproduksi.

\"Kendaraan listrik memiliki jauh lebih sedikit bagian dan komponen bergerak,\" kata Bailey. \"Hal itu pada akhirnya berarti lebih sedikit tenaga kerja yang dibutuhkan dalam manufaktur dan rantai pasokan yang lebih luas.\"

Terlepas dari gelombang PHK saat ini, sektor otomotif masih menjadi salah satu pilar industri terpenting Eropa, yang menopang sekitar 14 juta lapangan kerja di bidang manufaktur, rantai pasokan, penjualan, dan layanan.

Ke depannya, Bailey mengatakan para produsen Eropa perlu menyesuaikan struktur biaya mereka dan mempercepat inovasi teknologi agar tetap kompetitif di pasar global yang semakin dinamis.

\"Tantangan bagi para produsen mobil Eropa akan berupa mengelola transisi tersebut sembari membangun kemampuan baru dalam teknologi otomotif yang sedang berkembang,\" ujarnya.

Laporan: Redaksi

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