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Terumbu karang Houtman Abrolhos Islands di Samudra Hindia menunjukkan bahwa ketahanan terhadap pemutihan 3,7 kali lebih tinggi dari perkiraan, dengan kemampua bertahan hampir empat kali lebih lama di bawah tekanan panas ekstrem.

Sydney, Australia (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – Sekelompok terumbu karang di dekat Negara Bagian Australia Barat (Western Australia/WA) di Australia menunjukkan ketahanan luar biasa terhadap gelombang panas laut ekstrem, memberikan secercah harapan langka bagi kelangsungan hidup terumbu karang di tengah perubahan iklim, ungkap penelitian baru.

Para peneliti dari Universitas James Cook (James Cook University/JCU) Australia dan sejumlah institusi mitranya menemukan pemutihan karang yang minim di Kepulauan Houtman Abrolhos (Houtman Abrolhos Islands/HAI) terlepas dari gelombang panas laut yang masif dan mematikan sepanjang 2025 yang mengakibatkan pemutihan dan kematian karang secara luas di sepanjang garis pantai WA, ungkap pernyataan JCU yang dirilis pada Kamis (21/5).

\"Suhu telah melampaui batas normal selama delapan bulan ... yang kami sebut sebagai kondisi katastropik. Namun, saat kami meneliti terumbu karang HAI, nyaris tidak ada atau hanya ada sedikit tanda-tanda pemutihan ... Itu sungguh di luar dugaan,\" ujar penulis utama studi tersebut, Kate Quigley, research fellow di JCU.

Uji laboratorium terhadap tiga spesies karang berbeda dari terumbu karang HAI di Samudra Hindia di lepas pantai WA menunjukkan bahwa ketahanan terhadap pemutihan 3,7 kali lebih tinggi dari perkiraan, dengan karang mampu bertahan hampir empat kali lebih lama di bawah tekanan panas ekstrem.

Ambang batas penurunan efisiensi fotosintesis tercatat hingga 22 kali lebih tinggi dari perkiraan, menurut temuan yang dipublikasikan dalam jurnal Current Biology.

Peningkatan efisiensi fotosintesis tersebut dapat dikaitkan dengan alga simbiotik yang membantu mempertahankan produksi energi karang, serta lokasi area itu yang berada di pertemuan antara perairan beriklim sedang dan tropis, kata Quigley.

Para peneliti memperkirakan bahwa hanya ada kurang dari 10 area perlindungan semacam itu di seluruh dunia dan menekankan perlunya memprioritaskan pelestariannya beserta dengan pelaksanaan upaya untuk menekan emisi gas rumah kaca.

Laporan: Redaksi

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