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Air telah bergerak jauh di bawah permukaan Bumi sebelum membantu menghasilkan magma yang kemudian membentuk gunung berapi seperti yang ditemukan di Cincin Api Pasifik saat ini.

Canberra, Australia (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – Para pakar geologi menemukan bukti baru bahwa air telah memengaruhi bagian dalam Bumi dan aktivitas vulkanis lebih dari 3 miliar tahun lalu, berdasarkan analisis terhadap beberapa batuan vulkanis tertua di planet ini.

Studi yang dipimpin oleh Australia tersebut menganalisis batuan purba dari Kraton Pilbara di Negara Bagian Australia Barat dan menemukan tanda-tanda bahwa air telah bergerak jauh di bawah permukaan Bumi sebelum membantu menghasilkan magma yang kemudianmembentuk gunung berapi seperti yang ditemukan di \"Cincin Api\" Pasifik saat ini, menurut pernyataan yang dirilis oleh Universitas Adelaide pada Rabu (8/7).

Temuan tersebut, yang diterbitkan dalam jurnal Nature Communications, menunjukkan bahwa Bumi telah mengalami bentuk proses daur ulang air yang membentuk planet ini di masa kini, meskipun kondisinya sangat berbeda pada masa awal pembentukan planet.

Penelitian itu memberikan gambaran langka mengenai masa lampau Bumi, kata pakar geokimia Universitas Adelaide, Eric Vandenburg, yang memimpin studi tersebut.

Saat ini, air didaur ulang ke bagian dalam Bumi melalui tektonik lempeng, di mana lempeng samudra tenggelam di zona subduksi. Namun, para ilmuwan telah lama memperdebatkan apakah proses seperti itu beroperasi di Bumi pada zaman purba yang lebih panas.

Tim peneliti mengusulkan bahwa, alih-alih tektonik lempeng modern, mekanisme sebelumnya yang disebut \"dripduction\" menggerakkan air ke bawah: kerak bumi yang padat dan kaya air tenggelam ke dalam mantel, melepaskan air yang membantu menghasilkan magma, memicu letusan gunung berapi, dan membentuk batuan yang masih dipelajari hingga saat ini.

Temuan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa bagian dalam dan permukaan Bumi terhubung jauh lebih awal dari yang diperkirakan sebelumnya, dengan implikasi bagi pemahaman tentang pertumbuhan benua, letusan gunung berapi, dan bahan-bahan penting bagi kehidupan.

Karena batuan setua ini langka, Kraton Pilbara yang terpelihara dengan baik menawarkan catatan unik tentang Bumi pada zaman purba, memungkinkan para ilmuwan untuk merekonstruksi peristiwa 3,1 miliar tahun yang lalu dari jejak kimia dalam batuan tersebut, menurut studi itu.

Laporan: Redaksi

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