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Konsentrasi mikroplastik dan nanoplastik yang lebih tinggi ditemukan pada jaringan otak peritumoral dibandingkan pada jaringan otak sehat.

Beijing, China (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – Sekelompok peneliti China baru-baru ini mengonfirmasi keberadaan mikroplastik dan nanoplastik di otak manusia hidup, dan secara sistematis mengungkap karakteristik distribusinya baik di jaringan tumor otak maupun jaringan otak sehat, menurut Beijing Tiantan Hospital yang berafiliasi dengan Capital Medical University pada Selasa (28/4).

Mikroplastik dan nanoplastik merupakan kontaminan global baru yang menjadi perhatian mengingat kemampuannya dalam menembus jaringan manusia dan terdeteksi di beberapa organ manusia, termasuk otak. Namun, konsentrasi dan dampaknya pada organ ini sebagian besar masih belum dieksplorasi.

Para peneliti dari Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, dan the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences menghabiskan waktu empat tahun untuk menganalisis 156 sampel otak berpenyakit dari 113 pasien yang mengalami tumor otak, bersama dengan 35 sampel otak sehat dari lima donor postmortem.

Hasilnya menunjukkan mikroplastik dan nanoplastik terdeteksi pada 99,4 persen sampel otak berpenyakit dan 100 persen sampel otak sehat.

Konsentrasi mikroplastik dan nanoplastik yang lebih tinggi ditemukan pada jaringan otak peritumoral dibandingkan pada jaringan otak sehat, menurut artikel penelitian mereka yang diterbitkan di jurnal Nature Health.

Sementara itu, penelitian tersebut menemukan nanoplastik mencakup lebih dari separuh total beban plastik. Hal ini menunjukkan partikel yang lebih kecil cenderung lebih mungkin menembus penghalang darah-otak dan memasuki jaringan otak, menurut Beijing Tiantan Hospital.

Untuk menjelaskan mengapa partikel plastik ini ada di jaringan otak, para peneliti mengajukan dua hipotesis.

Yang pertama adalah partikel plastik tersebut kemungkinan besar tetap berada di dalam sistem pembuluh darah otak. Hipotesis berikutnya adalah dalam kondisi tumor otak, penghalang darah-otak atau penghalang darah-tumor mungkin terganggu, yang berpotensi memungkinkan partikel plastik untuk melewati penghalang tersebut, memasuki parenkim otak, dan menumpuk di sana.

Mereka menyelidiki kemungkinan sumber partikel plastik ini. Di kalangan pasien tumor otak, faktor-faktor seperti frekuensi suntikan praoperasi, indeks massa tubuh, usia, frekuensi penggunaan kosmetik, dan penggunaan pembungkus makanan plastik ditemukan berkaitan dengan kandungan mikroplastik yang lebih tinggi.

Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi karakteristik distribusi mikroplastik dan nanoplastik di otak manusia dan korelasinya dengan status penghalang patologis dan indikator proliferasi tumor, kata Chen Xiaolin, kepala dokter Pusat Bedah Saraf di Beijing Tiantan Hospital, seraya menambahkan hal ini tidak dapat secara langsung membuktikan partikel-partikel ini menyebabkan perkembangan, progresi, atau prognosis buruk tumor otak.

Laporan: Redaksi

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