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Beijing, China (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – Para peneliti China mencapai terobosan besar dalam kloning padi hibrida, yang berpotensi mengubah secara mendasar paradigma konvensional produksi benih tahunan dan memberikan dukungan teknologi baru bagi ketahanan pangan global.

Setelah berbagai upaya berkelanjutan bertahun-tahun, tim yang dipimpin oleh peneliti Wang Kejian dari Institut Penelitian Padi Nasional China berhasil mengidentifikasi dan mengarakterisasi sebuah gen padi endogen, yang mereka beri nama HUAXU.

Studi mereka, yang dipublikasikan dalam jurnal Vita pada Selasa (21/7), menunjukkan bahwa gen HUAXU pada sel telur padi hibrida mampu menginduksi partenogenesis secara efisien dan menghasilkan keturunan haploid.

Ketika dipadukan dengan strategi kloning gamet, beberapa galur apomiktik yang dikembangkan tim tersebut mencapai efisiensi kloning yang mendekati 100 persen.

Dalam berbagai kondisi, mencakup beragam varietas padi hibrida, lintas beberapa generasi, dalam berbagai populasi tanam, serta dalam uji lapangan berskala besar, efisiensi kloning tetap terjaga secara konsisten di atas 99 persen, sementara hasil panen tetap terjaga pada tingkat normal.

Pencapaian ini menandai realisasi awal target \"dari 1 menjadi 100\" dalam sistem \"padi hibrida satu galur\", yang menjadi langkah krusial menuju terwujudnya visi \"perbanyakan berkelanjutan lintas generasi.\"

Efisiensi kloning mengacu pada persentase benih yang dihasilkan melalui apomiksis yang diinduksi secara artifisial dan identik secara genetik dengan tanaman induknya.

Parameter ini menjadi metrik utama untuk menilai keberhasilan teknis dalam mempertahankan heterosis dan secara langsung memengaruhi kemurnian benih.

Wang mengatakan bahwa sistem padi hibrida tiga galur dan dua galur yang saat ini diadopsi secara luas tidak dapat mempertahankan keunggulan hibrida pada generasi berikutnya karena adanya segregasi genetik pada keturunan.

Akibatnya, sistem tersebut memerlukan produksi benih secara artifisial setiap tahun melalui persilangan antara galur mandul jantan dan galur pemulih.

Tujuan utama sistem satu galur adalah memungkinkan tanaman hibrida menghasilkan benih klonal melalui apomiksis, sehingga memperbaiki heterosis dan memungkinkan \"satu hibridisasi, diwariskan lintas generasi\".

Secara teori, hal ini berarti satu benih hibrida saja dapat dimanfaatkan secara berkelanjutan tanpa perlu memproduksi atau menanam kembali benih baru setiap tahun.

Wang mengatakan bahwa terobosan tersebut menjawab tantangan yang telah lama diakui secara global dalam pemuliaan tanaman, yakni memperbaiki heterosis pada padi hibrida secara permanen melalui benih.

Laporan: Redaksi

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