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Risiko leptospirosis meningkat seiring dengan frekuensi badai dan banjir terkait perubahan iklim, dengan subtipe Leptospira yang terus berkembang.

Sydney, Australia (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – Meningkatnya frekuensi badai dan banjir terkait perubahan iklim memicu peningkatan risiko leptospirosis, infeksi serius pada manusia, demikian menurut sebuah penelitian baru pada Senin (9/2).

Penelitian yang dipimpin University of New England (UNE) Australia itu merekomendasikan dilakukannya pengujian terpadu terhadap masyarakat untuk mendeteksi infeksi zoonosis leptospirosis, peningkatan kewaspadaan di wilayah yang jauh di luar kawasan tropis di utara, serta penelitian lanjutan yang mendesak, demikian pernyataan UNE.

Disebutkan bahwa belum ada vaksin bagi manusia untuk leptospirosis, penyakit bakteri yang meningkat secara global akibat banjir dan cuaca hangat. Wabahnya pun semakin intensif di seluruh dunia, dengan subtipe Leptospira yang terus berkembang.

Pekerja pertanian, dokter hewan, petugas penanganan bangkai hewan, serta penggemar rekreasi air tawar menghadapi risiko tertinggi, menurut para penulis studi yang dipublikasikan dalam Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health (ANZJPH).

Penulis utama associate professor Jacqueline Epps, dokter umum pedesaan dari School of Rural Medicine UNE, mengatakan bahwa wabah kini muncul di berbagai wilayah Australia, terkait dengan peningkatan curah hujan, badai, banjir, dan suhu yang lebih hangat. Sebelumnya, wabah semacam ini jarang terjadi di luar zona kasus tinggi di Negara Bagian Queensland.

\"Bakteri yang ditemukan dalam feses dan urine pembawa penyakit bertahan lebih lama di tanah dan lumpur yang kondisinya lebih lembap serta hangat. Banjir diduga membawa patogen infeksius dalam jarak jauh serta mencemari sumber air,\" ujar Epps.

Gejala leptospirosis menyerupai flu atau COVID-19, sehingga banyak kasus tidak terdiagnosis atau salah diagnosis, kata para peneliti, seraya menambahkan bahwa diagnosis dini yang akurat dapat mencegah memburuknya gejala yang dapat berujung pada perawatan intensif untuk kasus gagal organ, meningitis, atau kematian pada 10 persen kasus berat.

Laporan: Redaksi

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