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Melbourne, Australia (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – Setiap ekosistem terumbu karang di perairan dangkal Australia menghadapi risiko keruntuhan yang sangat tinggi pada 2075, terutama akibat pemanasan laut yang telah diperkirakan, demikian menurut sebuah evaluasi global.

Evaluasi tersebut, yang dipimpin oleh para peneliti dari Uni Internasional untuk Konservasi Alam (International Union for Conservation of Nature/IUCN) di Universitas Melbourne, Australia, bersama lebih dari 250 peneliti yang berasal dari 80 lebih negara dan kawasan, menemukan bahwa 96 persen ekosistem terumbu karang di dunia yang telah dievaluasi dikategorikan sebagai terancam kritis (critically endangered), termasuk seluruh 17 ekosistem terumbu karang di Australia, papar pernyataan universitas yang dirilis pada Kamis (22/10).

Para peneliti mengidentifikasi pemanasan laut akibat perubahan iklim sebagai ancaman yang paling luas penyebarannya dan paling parah bagi terumbu karang, dengan gelombang panas laut yang semakin sering terjadi mengakibatkan pemutihan karang secara massal dan kematian karang dalam skala luas.

Studi tersebut mengevaluasi ekosistem terumbu karang di 127 ekoregion laut tropis dan subtropis, termasuk Great Barrier Reef di Australia, Coral Triangle di Asia Tenggara dan Pasifik bagian barat, Mesoamerican Barrier Reef, serta Laut Merah.

Mishal Gudka, seorang peneliti di Universitas Melbourne sekaligus pemimpin ilmiah dalam evaluasi ini, mengatakan bahwa sebagian besar risiko tersebut dipicu oleh perubahan yang telah diprediksi namun belum sepenuhnya terwujud, sehingga saat ini merupakan periode krusial bagi upaya konservasi dan aksi iklim.

Meskipun hanya mencakup kurang dari 1 persen area dasar laut, terumbu karang menjadi tempat hidup bagi sekitar seperempat dari seluruh spesies laut serta menyediakan habitat, makanan, dan tempat berkembang biak bagi ribuan spesies, sekaligus mendukung perikanan, pariwisata, dan perlindungan pesisir bagi jutaan orang, kata para peneliti.

Evaluasi tersebut memperingatkan bahwa pengelolaan lokal yang lebih kuat dan dekarbonisasi yang cepat dapat membantu mencegah keruntuhan terumbu karang, tetapi kesempatan untuk mengambil tindakan semakin sempit.

Laporan: Redaksi

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