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Melbourne, Australia (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – Sejumlah ilmuwan menyatakan bahwa flu burung H5N1 yang sangat patogenik telah menewaskan sekitar 13.000 ekor anak anjing laut gajah selatan (southern elephant seal) di Pulau Heard yang terpencil di Australia, menandai pendeteksian pertama virus tersebut di wilayah eksternal Australia.

Para peneliti dari Program Antarktika Australia (Australian Antarctic Program/AAP) menemukan rata-rata tingkat kematian 76 persen di antara anak anjing laut, dengan beberapa koloni kehilangan hingga 97 persen, berdasarkan survei menggunakan drone yang dilakukan pada Oktober 2025 dan Januari 2026, menurut pernyataan AAP pada Kamis (18/6).

Total kelahiran anak anjing laut gajah selatan diperkirakan mencapai sekitar 17.000 ekor, papar pernyataan itu, seraya menambahkan bahwa survei drone juga mengungkap angka kematian yang meningkat pada penguin, meski dampak paling parah dialami oleh anjing laut

Virus tersebut, yang merupakan bagian dari klad H5N1 2.3.4.4b yang beredar secara global, terdeteksi pada enam spesies, termasuk anjing laut gajah, penguin raja dan gentoo, anjing laut berbulu Antarktika, serta burung laut, menurut temuan yang diajukan ke jurnal ilmiah dan dirilis sebagai pracetak.

Per Januari 2026, kematian anak anjing laut secara massal tercatat di berbagai lokasi pembiakan, dengan bukti dari drone juga mengindikasikan adanya kematian di Pulau McDonald yang berada di dekatnya tanpa konfirmasi lapangan, kata para peneliti. Mereka menyebut adanya pola yang serupa dengan pulau-pulau sub-Antarktika lainnya, seperti Georgia Selatan, di mana anjing laut gajah menjadi spesies yang terdampak paling parah.

\"Observasi terhadap virus flu burung H5 di Pulau Heard dan Pulau McDonald merupakan pendeteksian pertama di wilayah eksternal Australia,\" kata penulis utama studi tersebut, ahli biologi satwa liar Julie McInnes.

Analisis genetika menunjukkan bahwa virus itu kemungkinan tiba sekitar bulan Agustus 2025 melalui pergerakan satwa liar dari Kepulauan Crozet di sub-Antarktika Prancis, yang berjarak sekitar 1.800 km, mengindikasikan penyebaran virus ke arah timur yang terus berlanjut di seluruh kawasan sub-Antarktika.

Para ilmuwan AAP melakukan 120 penerbangan drone yang mencakup jarak lebih dari 1.600 km untuk menilai tingkat kematian di seluruh pulau-pulau tersebut, memungkinkan pelaksanaan survei terhadap lokasi-lokasi pembiakan yang sulit dijangkau dengan gangguan minimal.

Saat ini, belum ada kasus dugaan flu burung H5 yang terdeteksi di daratan utama Australia (termasuk Tasmania), Pulau Macquarie, atau Wilayah Antarktika Australia, menurut para peneliti.

Laporan: Redaksi

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