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Superkonduktor berbasis nikel dan berbasis tembaga mungkin bekerja berdasarkan aturan fisika yang berbeda.

Shenzhen, China (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – Sebuah tim peneliti China telah membuat kemajuan besar dalam memahami superkonduktivitas suhu tinggi, memberikan bukti eksperimental krusial yang menyuguhkan wawasan baru terhadap mekanisme yang mendasarinya.

Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh para peneliti dari Universitas Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi China (University of Science and Technology of China/USTC) serta Universitas Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Selatan (Southern University of Science and Technology/SUSTech) berhasil mengamati ‘celah superkonduktor tanpa nodus’ (nodeless superconducting gap) serta ‘interaksi elektron-boson’ (electron-boson coupling) pada lapisan film tipis superkonduktor suhu tinggi berbasis nikel oksida untuk pertama kalinya. Temuan tersebut baru-baru ini dipublikasikan secara daring dalam jurnal Science.

Menurut Xue Qikun, seorang akademisi di Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan China (Chinese Academy of Sciences/CAS) sekaligus profesor di SUSTech, simetri celah superkonduktor dan mekanisme pasangan superkonduktor adalah dua isu utama dalam penelitian superkonduktivitas suhu tinggi.

Simetri ini menentukan apakah celah superkonduktor bersifat seragam. Dalam superkonduktor, elektron harus berpasangan untuk menghemat energi, suatu proses yang diukur melalui ‘celah superkonduktor’. Sementara superkonduktor konvensional memiliki celah yang sepenuhnya seragam tanpa ‘nodus’ (titik di mana celah bernilai nol), superkonduktor berbasis tembaga diperkirakan memiliki nodus pada arah tertentu.

Dengan mempelajari lapisan film berbasis nikel yang baru, tim peneliti menemukan bahwa celah superkonduktornya tidak memiliki nodus. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa superkonduktor berbasis nikel dan berbasis tembaga mungkin bekerja berdasarkan aturan fisika yang berbeda.

Tim peneliti juga menemukan bagaimana elektron dapat berpasangan. Karena elektron secara alami saling tolak-menolak, mereka biasanya membutuhkan ‘perantara’ untuk menyatukan mereka. Para peneliti menemukan sinyal ‘sidik jari’ unik dalam data energi, yang menunjukkan bahwa boson perantara mungkin berperan sebagai penghubung dalam memfasilitasi pemasangan pada material berbasis nikel.

Penelitian superkonduktivitas berbasis nikel saat ini menjadi salah satu topik terdepan dalam komunitas ilmiah global, ditandai oleh tantangan teknis ekstrem dalam persiapan material dan pengembangan peralatan.

Sebelum penemuan ini, tim tersebut telah mencapai serangkaian kemajuan sistematis dalam sintesis material dan studi struktur elektronik, termasuk pengembangan teknik persiapan pada tingkat atom untuk oksida kompleks, yang membuka jalan bagi penelitian ini.

\"Ini adalah langkah penting dalam penelitian materi kuantum,\" kata Xue. \"Ini mencerminkan peran China yang semakin dalam di fisika mutakhir serta kontribusinya yang terus berkembang bagi upaya global untuk memahami superkonduktivitas suhu tinggi.\"

Laporan: Redaksi

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