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Mekanisme ritme sirkadian nyeri merupakan pola biologis yang sudah dikenal, yakni biasanya lebih lemah saat beraktivitas dan lebih kuat saat beristirahat.

Hefei, China (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – Banyak penderita nyeri kronis merasa ketidaknyamanan mereka masih dapat ditoleransi pada siang hari tetapi tak tertahankan pada malam hari, dan sebuah tim dari China kini telah berhasil mengungkap mekanisme saraf di balik fluktuasi harian ini.

Studi tersebut, yang dipimpin oleh Zhang Zhi dari Universitas Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi China (University of Science and Technology of China) di Provinsi Anhui, China timur, dipublikasikan pada Jumat (20/3) dalam jurnal Science.

Meskipun ritme sirkadian nyeri merupakan pola biologis yang sudah dikenal, yakni biasanya lebih lemah saat beraktivitas dan lebih kuat saat beristirahat, mekanisme yang mendasarinya masih belum jelas. \"Jam biologis utama\" di otak, yakni suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) di hipotalamus, diketahui mengatur tidur dan hormon, namun kaitan langsungnya dengan nyeri belum terungkap.

Dengan menggunakan teknologi pelacakan virus canggih, tim tersebut memetakan jalur saraf spesifik pada tikus yang menghubungkan SCN dengan sumsum tulang belakang. Para peneliti menemukan bahwa neuron dalam jalur ini dikendalikan oleh ritme harian SCN.

Karena tikus adalah hewan nokturnal, siklus aktivitas mereka berkebalikan dengan manusia. Selama periode istirahat tikus (siang hari), SCN sangat aktif, sehingga mendorong sirkuit ini untuk memperkuat sinyal nyeri di sumsum tulang belakang. Pada malam hari, ketika tikus aktif, aktivitas SCN menurun, sehingga secara alami mengurangi intensitas sinyal nyeri yang ditransmisikan melalui sumsum tulang belakang.

\"Penemuan ini menjelaskan mengapa sensitivitas nyeri mengikuti ritme harian,\" jelas Zhang Zhi, seraya menambahkan bahwa hal ini juga memberikan dasar teoretis baru untuk menyempurnakan manajemen nyeri klinis dengan menyelaraskan jadwal perawatan dengan jam biologis alami tubuh.

Laporan: Redaksi

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