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Kenaikan muka laut di wilayah Pantai Utara Jawa bervariasi, hingga 4,3 milimeter per tahun, mengancam Jakarta, Bekasi, Indramayu, Cirebon, Subang, Pemalang, Pekalongan, hingga Demak, dan berpotensi meningkatkan risiko genangan di masa mendatang.

Bogor, Jawa Barat (Indonesia Window) – Sejumlah wilayah di Pantai Utara Jawa (Pantura) mengalami penurunan tanah dengan tingkat yang bervariasi dan menghadapi kenaikan muka laut hingga 4,3 milimeter (mm) per tahun.

Kondisi ini terjadi di berbagai kawasan pesisir, mulai dari Jakarta, Bekasi, Indramayu, Cirebon, Subang, Pemalang, Pekalongan, hingga Demak, dan berpotensi meningkatkan risiko genangan di masa mendatang.

Peneliti di Pusat Riset Geoinformatika (PRGI) Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN), Agung Syetiawan, mengungkapkan fenomena penurunan tanah di Pantura dapat diamati melalui berbagai pendekatan geodesi dan penginderaan jauh.

Pemanfaatan teknologi Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), pengamatan terestris, hingga pemodelan geospasial multidata menjadi bagian penting dalam memetakan dinamika deformasi wilayah pesisir.

“Data pengamatan GNSS yang diperoleh dari Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station (InaCORS) juga memperlihatkan pola deformasi vertikal yang cenderung tidak linear di sebagian besar wilayah Pantura. Data tersebut digunakan sebagai validasi terhadap hasil pengamatan satelit Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR),” kata Agung, dalam kegiatan BRIGHTS Seri #2, Selasa (26/5), dikutip dari situs jejaring BRIN, Senin.

Eksploitasi air tanah, menurutnya, menjadi salah satu faktor utama penyebab penurunan permukaan tanah (subsidence) di kawasan pesisir.

“Kebutuhan air bersih masyarakat maupun aktivitas budi daya seperti tambak udang vaname turut meningkatkan tekanan terhadap cadangan air tanah,” jelas Agung.

Selain itu, penurunan tanah memperparah dampak kenaikan muka laut di wilayah pesisir utara Jawa. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data altimetri, tren kenaikan muka laut berada pada kisaran 2,4mm hingga 4,3mm per tahun.

Melalui pemodelan sederhana bath up model, sejumlah wilayah pesisir Pantura berpotensi mengalami genangan permanen apabila tidak dilakukan langkah mitigasi yang tepat.

Kawasan Muara Gembong dan beberapa wilayah pesisir Jakarta, Tangerang, dan Bekasi (Jatabek) disebut telah mengalami perluasan area genangan akibat kombinasi penurunan tanah dan kenaikan muka laut.

Menurutnya, pembangunan infrastruktur mitigasi seperti giant sea wall perlu mempertimbangkan hasil kajian geospasial secara komprehensif agar wilayah prioritas penanganan dapat ditentukan secara tepat.

Agung juga menekankan pentingnya kebijakan berbasis data geospasial dalam mendukung pembangunan pesisir berkelanjutan, termasuk pengendalian sumur bor, rehabilitasi mangrove, dan evaluasi pembangunan tanggul laut.

“Save water, save life, air bersih yang kita hemat hari ini adalah nafas kehidupan untuk generasi masa depan,” tegasnya.

Agung mengungkapkan adanya keterbatasan dalam sistem pengamatan subsidence, salah satunya disebabkan lokasi stasiun pengamatan yang tidak selalu berada tepat pada area dengan laju penurunan tinggi.

Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, BRIN bersama Teknik Geodesi dan Geomatika Institut Teknologi Bandung melakukan pengamatan episodik melalui pemasangan pilar benchmark permanen di sejumlah titik hotspot penurunan tanah yang dipantau secara berkala setiap tahun.

Kepala PRGI BRIN, Rokhis Khomarudin, mengatakan isu penurunan tanah dan degradasi ekosistem pesisir merupakan persoalan multidisiplin yang membutuhkan dukungan riset geospasial dan penginderaan jauh secara berkelanjutan.

“Pemanfaatan teknologi GIS dan remote sensing menjadi sangat penting untuk mendukung pemantauan, analisis, serta penyusunan strategi mitigasi yang berbasis data ilmiah,” ujarnya.

Laporan: Redaksi

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