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Reseptor penciuman tersusun sangat terorganisasi dalam pita-pita rapat yang saling tumpang tindih berdasarkan jenis reseptor, menantang pandangan lama bahwa distribusinya di rongga hidung sebagian besar bersifat acak.

Los Angeles, Amerika Serikat (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – Para peneliti Amerika Serikat (AS) menciptakan peta terperinci pertama untuk reseptor penciuman di hidung, yang menandai kemajuan besar dalam memahami penciuman dan mendekatkannya pada kemajuan serupa yang telah dicapai dalam penglihatan, pendengaran, dan peraba, menurut sebuah studi yang diterbitkan pada Selasa (28/4) di jurnal Cell.

Peta tersebut menunjukkan bahwa reseptor penciuman tersusun sangat terorganisasi dalam pita-pita rapat yang saling tumpang tindih berdasarkan jenis reseptor, menantang pandangan lama bahwa distribusinya di rongga hidung sebagian besar bersifat acak.

Temuan tersebut memberikan pengetahuan dasar yang dapat membantu membuka jalan bagi pengembangan terapi di masa depan untuk gangguan kehilangan penciuman, ungkap studi tersebut.

Para peneliti di Harvard Medical School melakukan studi pada tikus untuk memetakan organisasi lebih dari 1.000 jenis reseptor penciuman di hidung. Mereka menggabungkan teknik pengurutan (sequencing) sel tunggal dan transkriptomik spasial untuk menganalisis sekitar 5,5 juta neuron dari lebih dari 300 ekor tikus.

Studi tersebut menemukan bahwa neuron yang mengekspresikan reseptor penciuman yang berbeda tidak tersebar secara acak, melainkan menunjukkan organisasi spasial yang kuat, membentuk pita-pita horizontal yang saling tumpang tindih dari bagian atas hingga bawah rongga hidung sesuai jenis reseptor.

\"Hasil kami memberikan keteraturan pada sistem yang sebelumnya dianggap tidak memiliki keteraturan, yang secara konseptual mengubah cara kita berpikir tentang cara kerja sistem ini,\" ujar Sandeep Robert Datta, profesor neurobiologi di Harvard Medical School sekaligus penulis senior studi tersebut.

Para peneliti juga menemukan bahwa peta reseptor di hidung berkorelasi dengan peta pemrosesan penciuman di bulbus olfaktorius pada otak, memberikan petunjuk tentang bagaimana informasi bau ditransmisikan.

Datta menuturkan peta penciuman tersebut menyediakan informasi dasar yang dapat membantu para ilmuwan mengembangkan terapi untuk gangguan kehilangan indra penciuman, yang saat ini masih terbatas.

Laporan: Redaksi

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