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Karsinoma nasofaring terdiri atas tiga subtipe proteomik, yakni S1, S2, dan S3, yang menunjukkan karakteristik prognosis dan pola respons pengobatan yang berbeda.

Guangzhou, China (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – Sejumlah ilmuwan China berhasil mengklasifikasikan karsinoma nasofaring ke dalam tiga subtipe proteomik untuk pertama kalinya, ungkap sebuah studi baru yang diterbitkan dalam jurnal Nature Cancer.

Terobosan ini memberikan dasar ilmiah untuk memberikan pengobatan berpresisi yang disesuaikan per individu dan berpusat pada proteomik bagi pasien penderita karsinoma nasofaring.

Karsinoma nasofaring adalah tumor ganas yang menyerang area kepala dan leher yang umum terjadi dengan insidensi tinggi di China. Gejala awalnya seringkali tidak jelas, dan sekitar 70 persen pasien terdiagnosis pada stadium menengah atau lanjut. Kombinasi radioterapi dan kemoterapi menjadi pilihan pengobatan standar untuk penyakit ini.

Sebelum kemoterapi dan radioterapi simultan, kemoterapi induksi dapat secara efektif meningkatkan angka kelangsungan hidup pasien karsinoma nasofaring. Namun, 20 hingga 30 persen pasien masih menunjukkan respons yang buruk terhadap pengobatan tersebut.

Sejumlah ilmuwan dari International Academy of Phronesis Medicine (Guangdong) dan Pusat Kanker Universitas Sun Yat-sen menganalisis sampel tumor dari 240 pasien karsinoma nasofaring dan menggunakan teknik-teknik proteomik untuk mengukur aktivitas protein di seluruh tumor.

Untuk pertama kalinya, mereka mengategorikan karsinoma nasofaring ke dalam tiga subtipe proteomik, yakni S1, S2, dan S3, yang menunjukkan karakteristik prognosis dan pola respons pengobatan yang berbeda.

Berdasarkan hal tersebut, para ilmuwan dapat mengembangkan strategi terapi yang optimal untuk setiap subtipe.

Selain itu, sel plasma IgA+ dapat berperan sebagai biomarker kunci untuk memprediksi efikasi pengobatan pada subtipe S3, sehingga memberikan dasar ilmiah penting baik untuk menjelaskan mekanisme resistansi kemoterapi pada karsinoma nasofaring maupun untuk mengembangkan strategi terapi baru.

Studi ini diharapkan dapat mematahkan model pengobatan tradisional yang cenderung memukul rata kondisi semua pasien karsinoma nasofaring, dan membangun sistem diagnosis dan pengobatan bertingkat yang mencakup penentuan subtipe molekuler dan prediksi efikasi hingga terapi berpresisi.

Laporan: Redaksi

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