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Bogor, Jawa Barat (Indonesia Window) – Karbon aktif menjadi material penting yang banyak digunakan dalam penjernihan air, pengolahan limbah, dan berbagai proses industri.

Tingginya kebutuhan produk ini di dalam negeri mendorong Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN) mengulas kelayakan finansial industri karbon aktif berbahan baku batu bara dan cangkang kelapa sawit.

Wawan Irawan dari CV. Pehakarsa Multitek Engineering, memaparkan perbandingan keekonomian antara pabrik karbon aktif berbahan baku batu bara dan cangkang sawit, berkapasitas 25.000 ton bahan baku per tahun.

“Analisis ini menitikberatkan perbandingan struktur biaya investasi awal (CAPEX), pengeluaran operasional (OPEX), serta proyeksi margin keuntungan dari kedua komoditas andalan Indonesia tersebut,” katanya, dalam webinar diseminasi seri ke-9, Rabu (24/6), dikutip dari situs jejaring BRIN, Kamis.

Wawan menjelaskan, kapasitas input sebesar 25.000 ton bahan baku per tahun akan menghasilkan volume tonase produk akhir yang berbeda akibat karakteristik inherent dari masing-masing material.

Batu bara peringkat rendah hingga sedang memiliki keunggulan pada stabilitas suplai jangka panjang yang tidak musiman serta kadar karbon tetap (fixed carbon) yang tinggi.

Sebaliknya, cangkang kelapa sawit menawarkan keunggulan ramah lingkungan sebagai sumber daya hayati terbarukan (biomassa) dengan struktur porositas alami yang sangat baik, namun memiliki kerentanan fluktuasi harga bahan baku di tingkat pengepul regional.

Dari sisi CAPEX, pabrik berbasis batu bara memerlukan investasi pada reaktor pembakaran, unit preparasi awal, sistem penanganan material, serta pengendalian emisi sulfur. Sedangkan pabrik berbasis cangkang sawit membutuhkan area pergudangan yang luas akibat rendahnya densitas kamba biomassa.

Sementara itu, dari sisi OPEX, konsumsi energi termal menjadi faktor penentu. Proses karbonisasi batu bara dapat memanfaatkan zat terbang sebagai bahan bakar mandiri, sehingga lebih efisien dalam menekan biaya energi dibandingkan aktivasi cangkang sawit.

“Pada skala input industri hulu sebesar 25.000 ton per tahun, penentu utama titik impas bukan hanya harga bahan baku di gerbang pabrik, melainkan konsistensi nilai kalor proses serta persentase hasil (yield) karbon aktif yang memenuhi spesifikasi pasar,” terang Wawan.

Kajian komparatif ini memberikan gambaran parameter finansial utama bagi calon investor, meliputi proyeksi net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), dan payback period.

“Secara umum, batu bara maupun cangkang sawit menunjukkan kelayakan yang prospektif di pasar domestik karena harga jual karbon aktif lokal mampu menekan biaya rantai logistik impor,” kata Wawan.

Laporan: Redaksi

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