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Sistem pemuliaan molekuler canggih mengintegrasikan seleksi genomik dan kloning sel somatik, yang mampu mengisolasi sel somatik berkualitas tinggi secara presisi dan mengoptimalkan seluruh proses, mulai dari pembentukan lini sel dan rekonstruksi embrio hingga transfer embrio dan pemantauan kehamilan, yang pada akhirnya mencapai kloning massal yang sukses.

Xi'an, China (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – Tim ilmuwan China berhasil mengkloning enam kambing perah berproduktivitas yang sangat tinggi di Provinsi Shaanxi, China barat laut, mencatatkan kesuksesan kloning massal pertama hewan tersebut di negara itu sekaligus terobosan besar dalam teknologi pembiakan kambing perah.

Proyek kloning ini dipimpin oleh tim peneliti dari Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Pertanian dan Kehutanan Barat Laut China (Northwest A&F University/NWAFU). Kambing-kambing hasil kloning tersebut, yakni empat jantan dan dua betina, dibiakkan dari kambing Saanen unggulan penghasil susu tinggi dengan rata-rata hasil susu tahunan melebihi 2.800 kilogram, kata Wang Xiaolong, kepala tim peneliti, kepada Xinhua pada Kamis (14/5).

Kambing donor itu juga menunjukkan kadar lemak dan protein susu yang jauh lebih baik daripada kambing biasa, sekaligus memiliki performa reproduksi yang stabil, kemampuan adaptasi lingkungan yang kuat, dan ketahanan yang baik terhadap penyakit.

Dengan memanfaatkan sistem pemuliaan molekuler canggih yang mengintegrasikan seleksi genomik dan kloning sel somatik, tim tersebut secara presisi mengisolasi sel somatik berkualitas tinggi dan mengoptimalkan seluruh proses, mulai dari pembentukan lini sel dan rekonstruksi embrio hingga transfer embrio dan pemantauan kehamilan, yang pada akhirnya mencapai kloning massal yang sukses.

Dibandingkan dengan metode pembiakan tradisional, yang biasanya membutuhkan waktu delapan hingga 10 tahun untuk menghasilkan populasi kambing unggulan, teknologi kloning dapat secara signifikan mempersingkat siklus pembiakan dan membantu mengatasi hambatan industri, seperti lambatnya pembiakan kambing unggulan, interval generasi yang panjang, dan kesulitan dalam melestarikan sifat-sifat yang diinginkan dari generasi ke generasi.

Shaanxi, tempat NWAFU berada, menampung 40 persen populasi kambing perah di China dan memproses 80 persen produk susu kambing di negara tersebut.

Rencana Lima Tahun ke-15 China (2026-2030) telah menetapkan komitmen untuk membangun sistem pasokan pangan yang beragam, termasuk upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan efisiensi industri peternakan.

Laporan: Redaksi

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