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Singapura (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – Pasifik Barat Daya mencatat tahun terpanas kedua dalam sejarah pada 2025, sementara pengasaman laut semakin intens dan permukaan laut terus naik, menimbulkan ancaman yang semakin besar bagi perekonomian setempat, masyarakat pesisir, dan negara-negara kepulauan dataran rendah, menurut laporan Organisasi Meteorologi Dunia (World Meteorological Organization/WMO) pada Selasa (7/7).

Dirilis dalam Lokakarya Layanan Gelombang Panas Laut Asia Tenggara di Singapura, laporan Keadaan Iklim di Pasifik Barat Daya 2025 menyebutkan bahwa rata-rata suhu udara permukaan tahunan di kawasan tersebut, baik di darat maupun di laut, sekitar 0,37 derajat Celsius di atas rata-rata tahun 1991-2020, menjadikan 2025 sebagai tahun terpanas kedua yang pernah tercatat.

Pemanasan laut jangka panjang telah menyebabkan gelombang panas laut yang lebih sering, lebih lama, dan lebih intens, dengan konsekuensi serius bagi ekosistem laut serta masyarakat dan industri yang bergantung padanya, menurut laporan tersebut.

Gelombang panas laut merupakan periode panas ekstrem berkepanjangan yang dapat memicu pemutihan karang secara luas, kematian ikan, gangguan besar pada akuakultur, kematian hutan kelp, pergeseran persebaran spesies, dan pertumbuhan alga berbahaya.

Pada 2025, kandungan panas laut tertinggi dalam sejarah di area 700 meter atas tercatat di perairan selatan Australia, bagian selatan Laut Tasman, sebagian area Pasifik Utara tropis antara Filipina dan Hawaii, serta secara lokal di bagian selatan Pulau Sumatra di Indonesia.

Permukaan laut di Pasifik Barat Daya naik dengan rata-rata laju 3,7 ± 0,03 milimeter per tahun antara 1999 hingga 2025, menurut laporan tersebut.

Sementara itu, air laut terus mengalami pengasaman karena menyerap semakin banyak karbon dioksida. Hampir seluruh Pasifik Barat Daya mencatat nilai pH laut permukaan terendah sepanjang sejarah pada 2025.

Sejumlah negara di seluruh kawasan itu dilanda peristiwa cuaca dan iklim ekstrem yang menimbulkan korban jiwa dan kerugian ekonomi yang signifikan, terutama akibat siklon tropis.

Badai paling mematikan adalah Siklon Senyar, sistem pertama yang diketahui mencapai kekuatan siklon tropis di Selat Malaka, yang berdampak terhadap lebih dari 10 juta orang di Indonesia dan Malaysia serta menewaskan lebih dari 1.200 orang.

\"Di seluruh Asia dan Pasifik, panas meningkatkan risiko multibahaya, bersinggungan dengan sistem pangan, kesehatan masyarakat, infrastruktur, dan lautan, serta memberikan tekanan baru pada kesehatan dan mata pencaharian,\" ujar Armida Salsiah Alisjahbana, sekretaris eksekutif Komisi Ekonomi dan Sosial Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa untuk Asia dan Pasifik.

\"Peringatan dini dan tindakan dini menyelamatkan nyawa ketika peringatan disampaikan tepat waktu, pesan dipercaya, dan penyaluran tahap akhir mencapai kelompok rentan,\" katanya.

Laporan: Redaksi

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