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Sydney, Australia (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – Sebuah studi mengenai ikan air tawar di wilayah Queensland Utara Tropis, Australia, menemukan banyak spesies yang menghadapi risiko kepunahan serius akibat berbagai ancaman, termasuk hilangnya habitat, spesies invasif, dan peningkatan suhu air.

Studi tersebut, yang dipimpin oleh Institut Sungai Australia Universitas Griffith, mengidentifikasi spesies ikan pelangi (rainbowfish) Daintree yang hanya ditemukan di aliran sungai kecil di kawasan hutan hujan Daintree, Queensland Utara Jauh, sebagai spesies yang menghadapi risiko kepunahan paling tinggi, dengan hingga 10 ancaman unik terhadap populasinya, menurut pernyataan universitas tersebut yang dirilis pada Rabu (2/9).

\"Ikan air tawar juga merupakan komponen penting dalam ekosistem sungai dan menjadi indikator kesehatan ekosistem. Penurunan populasi ikan ini menandakan adanya kerusakan lingkungan yang lebih luas,\" kata penulis utama Kaitlyn O'Mara, seorang research fellow di Institut Sungai Australia.

\"Banyak di antaranya tidak ditemukan di tempat lain mana pun di Bumi. Jika spesies-spesies ini hilang dari kawasan Hutan Hujan Basah Tropis Queensland, mereka akan punah secara global,\" ujar O'Mara.

Studi yang diterbitkan dalam jurnal Pacific Conservation Biology itu mengevaluasi 24 jenis ancaman terhadap populasi sejumlah ikan air tawar, di antaranya adalah perubahan iklim, spesies invasif, pengambilan air oleh manusia, degradasi habitat, dan hibridisasi.

Para peneliti menemukan keberadaan spesies invasif, perubahan suhu dan hidrologi akibat iklim, penurunan kualitas habitat dan air, serta hibridisasi dengan spesies ikan asli yang direlokasi merupakan beberapa ancaman paling serius, khususnya bagi spesies ikan pelangi yang memiliki sebaran terbatas dan ikan cling goby yang bermigrasi.

Tim peneliti itu pun menyerukan sejumlah upaya konservasi mendesak, termasuk restorasi habitat, pengendalian spesies invasif, peningkatan pengelolaan sempadan sungai, dan penangkaran spesies yang terancam punah.

Laporan: Redaksi

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