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Los Angeles, Amerika Serikat (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – Kecerdasan buatan (artificial intelligence/AI) digunakan oleh sebuah tim peneliti di Amerika Serikat (AS) untuk merancang genom lengkap bakteriofag baru, menandai upaya pelaporan pertama dari jenisnya dan langkah menuju terapi fag potensial yang dirancang menggunakan AI, ungkap sebuah studi yang diterbitkan pada Kamis (6/8) dalam jurnal Science.

Dipimpin oleh Brian Hie, peneliti utama dan penulis koresponden dalam penelitian ini yang juga asisten profesor di Universitas Stanford dan peneliti inovasi di Arc Institute, para peneliti menggunakan dua model bahasa genom, yakni Evo 1 dan Evo 2, untuk menghasilkan genom fag lengkap dengan arsitektur genetik yang realistis serta spesifisitas terhadap inang bakteri, Escherichia coli C. (E. coli). Genom ini menandai rancangan generatif pertama dari genom bakteriofag yang lengkap, sebut para peneliti.

Bakteriofag, yang juga disebut sebagai fag, merupakan virus yang menginfeksi bakteri, alih-alih manusia, hewan, atau tumbuhan. Para peneliti membuat dan menyaring ribuan urutan kandidat sebelum akhirnya memilih hampir 300 rancangan, papar studi ini.

Dari rancangan-rancangan tersebut, 285 di antaranya berhasil disintesis dan dirakit di dalam sel E. coli, dengan 16 di antaranya menghasilkan bakteriofag viabel yang mampu bereproduksi dan membunuh bakteri dalam uji laboratorium, urai studi tersebut.

Beberapa fag rancangan tersebut mampu mengungguli kinerja fag alami penginfeksi E. coli, yaitu phiX174, dalam membunuh bakteri dalam uji kompetisi langsung di laboratorium. Campuran fag rancangan itu juga efektif melawan galur-galur E. coli yang menjadi resisten terhadap phiX174, sehingga menurut para peneliti mengindikasikan adanya potensi terapi fag rancangan AI.

Dalam artikel Perspective yang menyertai studi tersebut, Thomas Inglesby dan Moritz Hanke dari Universitas Johns Hopkins menyatakan kemajuan itu menimbulkan kekhawatiran terkait keamanan hayati.

Mereka menyerukan agar skrining pesanan materi genetik sintetis untuk urutan yang berpotensi berbahaya diwajibkan secara hukum, alih-alih hanya mengandalkan perlindungan sukarela.

Laporan: Redaksi

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