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Beban gangguan mental mencapai puncaknya di kalangan remaja berusia 15-19 tahun, dan perempuan memiliki angka yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan laki-laki.

Sydney, Australia (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – Gangguan mental telah menjadi penyebab utama disabilitas secara global, melampaui kanker dan penyakit kardiovaskular, menurut pernyataan dari Universitas Queensland (UQ) Australia pada Jumat (22/5).

Studi tersebut, yang dipimpin oleh UQ, Pusat Penelitian Kesehatan Mental Queensland, dan Universitas Washington di Amerika Serikat, menemukan bahwa hampir 1,2 miliar orang di seluruh dunia hidup dengan gangguan mental pada 2023, hampir dua kali lipat dari jumlah yang tercatat pada 1990.

\"Beban gangguan mental mencapai puncaknya di kalangan remaja berusia 15-19 tahun, dan perempuan memiliki angka yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan laki-laki,\" kata Damian Santomauro, lektor kepala dari Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat UQ.

Penelitian itu, yang dipublikasikan di The Lancet, mengkaji beban kesehatan dari 12 kondisi, termasuk kecemasan, depresi, gangguan bipolar, skizofrenia, autisme, gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas atau attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dan gangguan makan, serta melacak tren global dari 1990 hingga 2023.

Para peneliti menggunakan metrik tahun hidup yang disesuaikan dengan disabilitas (disability-adjusted life year/DALY) untuk menganalisis beban gangguan mental, di mana satu DALY sama dengan satu tahun hidup sehat yang hilang. Gangguan mental menempati peringkat kelima sebagai penyebab utama DALY pada 2023, naik dari peringkat ke-12 pada 1990, sebagian besar disebabkan oleh peningkatan gangguan kecemasan dan depresi berat, menurut studi tersebut.

Para peneliti mengaitkan tren itu dengan kombinasi berbagai faktor, termasuk perlakuan buruk terhadap anak, kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, genetika, meningkatnya ketidaksetaraan, perubahan iklim, pandemi dan konflik, serta kualitas dan ketersediaan data.

Laporan: Redaksi

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